
The overall observation that men are more homophobic than women is pretty established (source below). I believe what is happening here is that the overall lower attitude towards gay men compared to lesbian women is overshadowing the gender difference in overall homophobia.
Since its about heterosexuals, the study is only looking at
Women -> bi men & Men -> bi woman,
so even though women might be less hatefull overall, this is overshadowed by societies’ dislike of men who deviate from gender norms. Alternatively, being bi is less of a gender norm violation for women than it is for men (see last to sentences below).
Gender difference homophobia: Overview article (Godø et al, 2025):
Furthermore, studies have shown that on average, men tend to express more negative attitudes toward LGBT people compared to women (Cotton- Huston & Waite, 2000; Nagoshi et al., 2008). The cause of this gender difference may have various explanations. One potential explanation lies with the social construct of masculinity. Traditional masculinity is often associated with toughness, aggression, and dominance, and this may lead to men perceiving LGBT people as a threat to their own masculinity or power (Theodore & Basow, 2000). This resembles much of what is known as machismo, a culturally shaped and maintained belief in Latinx groups, con- sisting of both hypermasculine characteristics and familial responsibility (Hirai et al., 2014). Such beliefs may result in discomfort and hostility toward those who do not conform to traditional gender roles (Goodman & Moradi, 2008). This may also be connected to the fact that young men are often socialized to be more tough and competitive, while young women are encour- aged to be nurturing and empathetic. This can result in different attitudes toward LGBT people, with men being more likely to view it as deviant or abnormal. However, no single factor seems to be the cause of this gender difference; rather, it is a combined result of gender norms, socialization, and cultural beliefs.









1.) “for women [who are bi, perceived by whomever]”. It’s quite tricky to talk about this correctly, because we are talking about gender differences relating both to perceivers and the perceived. I didn’t phrase that clearly.
2.) what you you mean with “shaped in a way that didn’t record women’s negative attitudes”? I don’t quite get that. That the items are phrased in a way that women just have a harder time agreeing, no matter what it is about?